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De, Mitu
- Screening Folk Rice Varieties of West Bengal for Relative Tolerance to Angoumois Grain Moth Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) and Identification of Factors Contributing to the Tolerance
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata 700 054, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Berhampore Girls' College, Berhampore, Murshirabad, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 10, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 201-212Abstract
Post-harvest losses in India amount to 12 to 16 million metric tons of food grains each year, an amount that the World Bank stipulates could feed one-third of India's poor. Cereals like rice, wheat and corn play an important role in the economic stability of many countries. Insects and disease devour or damage a fifth or more of stored food grains each year in many parts of the world. The impact of rice varieties tolerant to stored grain pests of these major crops could be dramatic in developing countries, where grain infestations are most common and harmful, and where surging populations require affordable food. Angoumois grain moth, t-harvest losses in India amount to 12 to 16 million metric tons of food grains each year, an amount that the World Bank stipulates could feed one-third of India's poor. Cereals like rice, wheat and corn play an important role in the economic stability of many countries. Insects and disease devour or damage a fifth or more of stored food grains each year in many parts of the world. The impact of rice varieties tolerant to stored grain pests of these major crops could be dramatic in developing countries, where grain infestations are most common and harmful, and where surging populations require affordable food. Angoumois grain moth, (Olivier) causes immense post-harvest losses in rice. Tolerance to Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) among selected West Bengal rice folk varieties or landraces was assessed. Other factor(s) resulting in tolerance against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), viz., silica deposition of grain hull, grain dimensions, aroma and grain moisture content among the folk rice varieties was investigated too. Folk varieties Champakushi, Kajaldekhi, Malabati and Valki are found to be highly tolerant. Both grain moisture content and the hull silica are the important factors for tolerance to the stored grain pest infestation. These tolerant folk varieties may be used as parents in future rice breeding programmes.
Keywords
Rice Folk Varieties, Sitotroga cerealella, Grain Moisture Content, Silica Deposition.- Biocultural Diversity of Folk Rice Variety Heritage of West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 11, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 95-100Abstract
Traditional or folk rice varieties are important component of the biocultural heritage of any nation. Wherever the rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop has been planted, festivals, traditions, rituals and languages celebrate its importance. Traditional folk rice varieties play a dynamic role in the expression of biological and cultural diversity. Recent studies have asserted the need to understand the inter-connectedness of folkloric biocultural diversity and agro-biodiversity, including how farmers incorporate new crops and varieties in their current repertoire to meet cultural and environmental needs of society. Folk rice varieties are the farmers' varieties that are selected and maintained for one or more distinctive properties. These folk varieties meet local cultural practices and environmental constraints, and play an intrinsic role in cultural survival by constituting a living repository of ancestral customs. There are numerous traditional folk varieties of rice grown in West Bengal and also rice features in numerous traditions and rituals of West Bengal. This paper focuses on rich biocultural diversity of folk rice variety heritage of West Bengal.Keywords
Biocultural Diversity, Rice Heritage, Folk Rice Varieties, Genetic Diversity.- Morphometric and Genetic Diversity of Folk Rice Varieties of West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 11, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 163-170Abstract
West Bengal has rich rice genetic wealth. Different folk rice varieties of West Bengal have different grain morphological characteristics. The genetic diversity embedded within these folk rice varieties are the genetic resources of the rice crop that sustain the world's growing population. But this genetic wealth of folk rice is depleted due to the onslaught of the high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and negligence. Therefore, these folk rice varieties are documented and characterized towards conservation of these varieties. These folk rice varieties were collected from different parts of West Bengal. Characterization was done following the Standard Evaluation System (SES) for rice developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and other numerical taxonomical methods. This baseline agro-morphological data will be helpful to evaluate and improve the genetic diversity among the folk varieties of West Bengal.Keywords
Genetic Diversity, Folk Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.), Grain Morphology, Numerical Taxonomy.- Documentation and Characterization of the Indigenous Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties of Malda and Murshidabad Districts of West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Benaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Zoology, Presidency University, Kolkata, IN
4 Department of Botany, Berhampore Girls' College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
5 Department of Zoology, Berhampore Girls' College, Murshidabad, West Bengal
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 11, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 187-198Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important natural resource and also known as the 'king of fruits'. The districts of Murshidabad and Malda once famous for mango are now facing tremendous genetic erosion of the mango germplasm. More than 200 varieties of mango were recorded during the time of the royals of these districts. This number has sharply declined in recent times. The traditional varieties are low yielding and are replaced by new high yielding hybrids. These varieties are also facing extinction because of the aggressive cultivation of Amrapali, Chatterjee, Mallika, Himsagar, Langra varieties of mango. Hence, conservation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm is of utmost importance. For such conservation extensive survey and proper documentation are necessary. In this context, the present study is an attempt to document the mango varieties from Murshidabad and Malda districts of West Bengal. The mango germplasm diversity data generated will be valuable to communities, scientists and policy managers to formulate and implement conservation strategies of in situ, on-farm as well as ex situ conservation and management of these genetic resources.Keywords
Indigenous Mango, Murshidabad and Malda Districts, Characterization, Pulp Assessment.- Aquaresources of Patan Wetland, Murshidabad:Floral and Faunal Diversity
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata-700 054, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Berhampore Girls' College, Berhampore, Murshidabad, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 28-28Abstract
As any natural habitat, wetlands are important in supporting species diversity. In addition to being essential contributors to biodiversity and ecological productivity, wetlands also provide a variety of services for human populations, including water for drinking and irrigation, recreational opportunities and habitat for economically important fisheries. However, aquatic systems have been increasingly threatened, directly and indirectly, by human activities. In addition to the challenges posed by land-use change, environmental pollution, and water diversion, aquatic systems are expected to experienced soon begin added stress of global climate change. Biodiversity enumeration of such wetlands, especially in terms of ecologically sensitive species of both flora and fauna is important for estimating the general health as well as development of proper conservation plans for the entire ecosystem. 'Patan beel', a relatively unexplored wetland of North-West Murshidabad, is located between latitude 24° 2' 4'' North and 24° 3' 20'' North and longitude 88° 1' 18'' East and 88° 0' 15'' East. This approximately 500 acres wetland contains forested area, some human habitation and low but cultivable land. The area is unique in floral and faunal composition. This study has revealed that 'Patan beel' contains 47 species of plants, 64 species of indigenous fish, 3 species of amphibians, 7 species of reptiles and 21 species of birds. Some of the birds are totally aquatic, some are migratory in nature. The seasonal occurrence of some plants and their associated fauna is also noted from Patan wetland. To conserve and manage wetland resources, it is important to have inventory of wetlands and their aqua-resources both in terms of flora and fauna.- Performance of Salinity Tolerant, Semi-Deepwater and Deepwater Folk Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties of West Bengal Under Irrigated Ecosystem
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 35-36Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semi-aquatic plant. It is cultivated in five ecosystems where the source of water supply and the degree of flooding are the major environmental determinants. The rice types corresponding to these ecosystems are rain-fed low- and upland rice, rice grown under controlled irrigated conditions, deepwater rice, and rice in tidal wetlands. Half of the total rice area in India is rainfed, mostly in six eastern Indian states (Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal) accounting for 9.8 million ha. This rainfed ecosystem is mostly prone to submergence, water logging, drought and salinity. Abiotic stress resistant varieties of rice are needed to deal with the vagaries of monsoon. Nearly 3.9 million ha of rice area is prone to frequent floods and 4.3 mha is prone to drought in eastern India. Flash flood is also a serious problem. In flash flood situations, depth and duration of submergence varies with the magnitude of flood and the land topography. But sometimes, the flood may not occur at all or there could be a drought too then the land would need controlled irrigated conditions. Thus, there is a need to screen the salinity tolerant, semi-deep or deepwater folk rice genotypes for their performance in controlled irrigated conditions. In this investigation several rice varieties, both traditional rice and checks, like Hamilton, Jaljabra, Jalkamini, Kumragore, Matla, Meghi, Tilakkachari, IR 42, IR 68305, Manosarovar, Ratna and Sabita were screened for many agro-morphological parameters under controlled irrigated conditions, and communicated in the paper.- Changes in Floral and Entomological Diversity in Subhas Sarobar Area, A Manmade Urban Lake in Kolkata, Due to Anthropogenic Stress
Authors
1 Dept. of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata 700 054, IN
2 Dept. of Zoology, Berhampore Girls' College, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 38-38Abstract
The present paper deals with the relative frequency, density and abundance of the floral components estimated, using the quadrat method as a course curriculum of Gurudas College, Kolkata for the last 10 years in the Subhas Sarobar area, a manmade lake in Kolkata megacity. Documentation of the angiospermic plants both aquatic and terrestrial is also carried out each year. Subhas Sarobar is a manmade urban wetland and considered to be the 'lungs' of East Kolkata. The geographical coordinates are 22° 34'7'' North latitude and 88° 24'2'' East latitude. The pressure of human activities on the Subhas Sarobar has increased manifold in recent times due to work on the Subhas Sarobar-Central Underground section of the East West Metro line by the Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation. (KMRC) going on from 2010. The quadrat studies over ten years have shown a change in the floral components, more noticeable after the commencement of the East West Metro work. Subhas Sarobar is also home to different species of insects which were documented during the survey work to this massive water body. Insects were later identified by entomologists. These insects often act as bio indicators that reflect the ecological health of the water body. Understanding the impact of anthropogenic stress on the angiospermic and entomological diversity in Subhas Sarobar the present documentation study and related conservation concern is communicated for future sustainable planning.- Hydrophyte Diversity in Lentic Water Bodies of Murshidabad, West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Botany, Berhampore Girls' College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Botany, Krishnath College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Zoology, Berhampore Girls' College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 56-56Abstract
Freshwater lentic water bodies have tremendous importance as they contain valuable aqua resources, both flora and fauna. They are also the recharging reservoirs for drinking water, domestic use and provide the infrastructure for pisciculture. Hydrophytes are important components of lentic ecosystem. Aquatic plants provide shelter and breeding place for aquatic animals and maintain the integral balance of ecosystem. They are the primary producers and contribute dissolve oxygen (DO). All organisms, from the microscopic zooplankton to the fish need the oxygen for survival. Dissolved oxygen is one of the limiting factors for fish diversity in aquatic ecosystems. The present investigation is on the hydrophyte diversity in the freshwater lentic water body of Murshidabad, West Bengal. Rivers Bhagirathi and Jalangi and their tributaries flow through this district. Large number small and large freshwater lentic water-bodies are found in this district too. The survey of the composition and distribution of the hydrophytes in freshwater lentic water body of Murshidabad was carried out. A total of 53 species of aquatic plants were identified from different parts of the district. Of these, 41 species are found throughout the district whereas 12 species are restricted in some pockets of the district. The detailed distribution as well as habitat composition with GPS location was studied. The relationship of DO and the biodiversity components was explored.- Seri - Bioinformatics : To Enhance Silken Touch
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata 700010, IN
2 Computational Biology Division, The Biome-Kolkata-700064, IN
3 Theoretical and Computational Biology Division, Amplicon Biosciences, Palta-743122, IN
4 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata-700054, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 13, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 207-216Abstract
Computational Biology has emerged as one of the leading interdisciplinary realms having applications and analytical implications in every branch of biological sciences. The efforts to understand silkworm or its interactions with other organisms have generated a plethora of information which has been converted into different types of electronic databases. Application of modern methodologies, such as, next generation sequencing - comparative modelling and simulation, docking and design of specific molecules which not only provide insight on disease incidence and progression in silkworms but also provides us with necessary information for enhancement of silk fibre quality for enhancing that silken touch. These seri-bioinformatics databases are a valuable seri-bioresource. In this paper, we have reviewed some of the available online resources on silkworm and its related organisms, including databases as well as informative websites. Designed as a basic platform and accompanied by the SilkDB, MorusDB and strives to be a comprehensive platform for the silkworm-mulberry interaction studies. Some of the other seri-databases reviewed are BmMDB, MulSatDB and SilkTransDB. Application of bioinformatics tools and techniques not only facilitated detection of proteomic and genomic diversity among the species/strains but also resulted in finding a gap in the silkworm genome sequence of a strain that diverged during the course of domestication.Keywords
Next Generation Sequencing, Mulberry, Silkworm, Seri-Databases, MorusDB.References
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- Insect Inventories in a Mango-based Agroforestry Area in Murshidabad, West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata-700 009, IN
2 Department of Botany, Berhampore Girls’ College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata-700 054, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 14, No Spl (2017), Pagination: 9-9Abstract
Agroforestry is an eco-friendly crop production system that provides habitat for biodiverse flora and fauna. The mango-based agroforestry constitutes of mango trees, crops, weeds, insect pests, predators and pollinators. The mango (Mangifera indica L.) plant is a multipurpose fruit tree that yields fruit, timber and fuel, and is suitable for agro-forestry systems in tropical and subtropical regions. The mango fruit is an important source of sustenance for birds, bats, insects, and mammals. Many insect species damage mango crops by feeding on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. Also, many insect species play a vital role in pollination as well as fruit set, and predator prey interactions keep balance between pest incidence and fruit production. Insect species inventories along with pest prevalence and foraging behaviour of pollinators were investigated in several mango orchards of Murshidabad. Insects were collected by capture with sweep net and visual observation followed. The principal insect pest of mango were 2 species of hopper and 1 species of mealy bug, inflorescence midge, fruit fly, scale, shoot borer, leaf webber and stone weevil. The leaf hopper, shoot borer and stone weevil are found to be major pest in Murshidabad mango based agroforestry area.- Brief Account of Sacred Groves of more than 50 Years Old along with an Assessment of their Biological Diversity from Murshidabad District, West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Krishnath College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata 700 009, IN
3 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 14, No Spl (2017), Pagination: 12-13Abstract
Sacred groves or traditional forest reserves are unique forest patches that have survived due to strong cultural forces. They are a biological heritage that has helped to preserve the representative genetic resources existing in the surrounding regions for generations.They may vary in size from a few trees to dense forests covering extensive tracts of land. But they are the ideal centre for biodiversity conservation preserving the local flora and fauna. The religious beliefs help to create an undisturbed patch of land with respect to the surrounding areas. Various plants and animals that are threatened in the forest are well conserved within these patches. These areas also provide habitat, water and nest-sites for many species of wildlife and birds. In fact, sacred groves are community based monuments of biological diversity. Culture and indigenous knowledge have played an increasingly important role in conservation and resource management approaches within sacred groves. In this present investigation a consolidated list of flora and fauna conserved in sacred groves of Murshidabad district of West Bengal, which are more than 50 years old, is communicated.- Non Timber Forest Products from Urban Forests:A Case Study of Bahadurpur Forest of Nadia-Murshidabad Forest Division, West Bengal, India
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata 700 009, IN
2 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata 700 054, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 14, No Spl (2017), Pagination: 13-14Abstract
Urban forests are economic assets. The role of urban forest in ameliorating urban habitats and improving quality of life is significant. Trees in urban system provide a variety of ecosystem services including biodiversity conservation, removal of atmospheric pollutants, oxygen generation and noise reduction. Carbon sequestration in growing trees is known to be a cost effective option for mitigation of global warming and global climate change. These urban forests are recognized for their social, cultural recreational and aesthetic values apart from conserving the biodiversity of the region and improving local climate. The urban forest has been acknowledged and valued for its services, but not really for its goods. The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in rural livelihoods in developing countries has become widely acknowledged over the last decade. However, often the urban forest is overlooked when considering NTFPs. In the present study NTFP from Bahadurpur Forest situated near Krishnagar, Nadia (23°26´19´´N 88°27´59´´E), atropical deciduous urban forest of Nadia-Murshidabad Forest Division, West Bengal was investigated. It was found that most of the locals of nearby villages are dependent on this forest for fuel using dry leaves and shoots of trees. Villagers also use this forest as grazing area of their cattle. The forest also served as source of medicinal plants and fruits for the locals. It was also a playing ground for the children. Numerous birds were found in this forest. The forest is also a famous picnic spot of the locals, being famous for its aesthetic values. However, Current and potential urban NTFPs and their possible uses and markets need further exploration.- Mango Field Gene Bank in Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata 54, IN
2 Department of Botany, Berhampore Girls’ College, Berhampore, Murshidabad, IN
3 Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata-9, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 16, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 116-116Abstract
Field gene banks provide an easy and ready access to the plant genetic resources, for characterization, evaluation or utilization. Murshidabad and Malda districts of West Bengal are famous for their traditional mango varieties. More than 200 mango varieties were recorded during the time of the royals of Murshidabad and Malda districts. The cuttings of 25 mango varieties viz., Bara Sahi, Begam Fuli, Bel kusum, Bimli, Biswanath, Bombai, Champa, Chousa, Churmur, Dobani, Do Phala, Golap Bhog, Golap Khas, Himsagar, Kishen Bhog, Lakhna, Langra, Mallika, Molam Jam, Motichur, Rani Pasand, Sadullah, Sahi, Saranga, Surma Fazli. were transferred to a small plot of land of about 600 sq. yards, later fenced off and named as ‘Amrakunja’ in the Golden Jubilee Complex campus, Gurudas College, for conservation and propagation in July, 2016, with the verbal assurance of the then Teacher in Charge (Fig. 1). It has been found that within a span of 2 years all the 25 varieties survived and thrived (Fig. 2). This field gene bank of mango plants is decided to be maintained by members of Vasudha, the Nature Club of Gurudas College, Kolkata.- A Brief Account of the Medicinal Garden Created in College Campus by Members of Vasudha, The Nature Club of Gurudas College
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, IN